Kant and Emergentism

Immanuel Kant's model of emergentism, sometimes called the "two-worlds" model, argues that there are two distinct realms of reality: the phenomenal realm of appearances, and the noumenal realm of things in themselves.

Kant argued that the phenomenal world is the world of appearances that we experience through our senses and that this world is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry. In contrast, the noumenal world is the world of things in themselves, which are not directly accessible to our senses, and are governed by their own laws. According to Kant, consciousness is an emergent property that arises from the interactions of the phenomenal and noumenal realms. He argued that consciousness is not reducible to the physical properties of the brain, but instead emerges from the interactions between the mind and the world. Kant's model of emergentism has been influential in the development of modern emergentist theories in philosophy and science, which emphasize the emergence of new properties and phenomena from the interactions of simpler components. However, it is important to note that Kant's model is also highly complex and controversial, and has been the subject of ongoing debate and discussion in philosophy.

Emergentism

Holism

Holism and Emergentism